The ethics of using sources is a crucial component of a journalist’s daily work. Violations in this area undermine trust in both the journalist and the media outlet, complicating future interactions with people and information sources. Experts highlight the following key points:
1. Using verified information sources and vetting new ones.
Some sources are inherently reliable, like government websites, which rarely contain errors or intentional distortions, except in cases of propaganda. Private or commercial organizations, on the other hand, may exaggerate or mislead to promote their products or services. The same applies to some experts, who may attempt to push specific agendas.
Social media posts from unknown individuals are particularly dubious. While user opinions may add to the diversity of perspectives, shocking or sensational claims require thorough verification. For example, a supposed 34-year-old from Saratov could turn out to be a group of foreign terrorists or even a teenager with a vivid imagination.
Additionally, complaints submitted to the newsroom should be treated cautiously, as even well-meaning individuals may be mistaken or dishonest.
2. Respecting a source’s right to confidentiality.
When sources request anonymity, their privacy must be protected. For instance, a person who brought a counterfeit bill to a newsroom wanted to warn the public but refused to involve the police. Journalists upheld his anonymity despite police inquiries.
Sometimes, sources like civil servants or teachers share valuable insights but fear repercussions. If anonymity is promised, every effort should be made to preserve it, even indirectly, by avoiding details that could identify the individual.
3. Proper attribution and citation of sources.
Journalists must attribute information accurately, indicating its origin, such as, “according to the TASS news agency” or “as stated by the city’s administration.” Quotes must reflect the speaker’s words without altering the meaning, even if minor edits improve clarity.
4. Alerting readers to potential bias in sources.
If a source may lack objectivity, readers should be informed. For example, “Victor Ivanov, a vendor, supports the market director, who happens to be his uncle,” or “The press office denied leadership involvement, noting their interest in maintaining the company’s positive image.”
5. Do no harm.
Journalists should consider the potential harm their material might cause. For instance, naming a student involved in misconduct could lead to bullying, and publishing photos of minors or violence survivors may cause lasting damage.
Ethical journalism involves balancing the public’s right to know with the responsibility to protect individuals from unnecessary harm.